Electric Vehicles Essay Example for Free

Electric Vehicles Essay Skyrocketing fuel pricing along with depleting oil resources and increased environmental concerns have pushed mankind to consider alternative sources of fuel to power automobiles. Among all the alternate fuel ideas that include everything from excreta to biodiesel, electricity has also been considered as a best alternative to conventional fuels. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a promising technology for drastically reducing the environmental burden of road transport. Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been around since mid 1800s. During early years, electric vehicles had many advantages over cars powered by internal combustion engines. Such as vehicles with internal combustion engines were started using a hand crank, whereas EVs could be started like regular cars today. EVs did not have gearboxes or the noise and vibration levels of a petrol-powered car. However, their expensive price tag and limited range led petrol powered car to prosper. However later, rising fuel prices, limited oil resources and environmental concerns brought the electric car back into mainstream production line for automobiles. Today, almost all mainstream car makers have been building electric concept cars as well as production version of electric and hybrid cars. Introduction: An automobile that is powered entirely or partially by electricity are electric vehicles. Electric cars are the cleanest, most efficient, and most cost-effective form of transportation around. Seriously, electric cars are high-performance vehicles that will continue to meet new challenges in the future. There are generally of three types: Battery Electric Vehicle: A battery electric vehicle runs entirely on an electric motor, powered by a battery. The battery is charged through an electrical outlet. One of it is Nissan Leaf . Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle: A plug-in hybrid vehicle has both an electric motor and a gasoline engine onboard. These vehicles generally run on the electric motor until the battery is depleted, at which point the gas engine can kick in, extending the car’s range. The main battery in a plug-in hybrid is charged through an electrical outlet. An example of a plug-in hybrid is the Chevrolet Volt. Hybrid Electric Vehicle: A typical hybrid electric vehicle is fuelled by gasoline and uses a battery-powered motor to improve efficiency, thus is not considered a plug-in electric vehicle. The battery in a gasoline hybrid is never plugged into an electrical outlet, but instead is powered by a combination of the gasoline engine and regenerative braking. The most well known hybrid electric vehicle is the Toyota Prius. WORKING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES: A. Battery Electric Vehicles(BEV’s) Electric cars are zero-emission cars at the point of their usage. There are two types of charger plugs in BEV’s. One is quick charger plug which charges the battery at faster rate compared to the household charger plugs. On board chargers are used to convert AC power to DC power. The controller controls the amount of power to be transmitted to the motor, which in turn, converts the electrical power to the motive power. Nickel-Metal Hydride and Lithium-ion cells are the latest battery modes used nowadays. B. Hybrid Electric Vehicles Hybrid electric vehicles combines the best features of conventional as well as electrical cars. The underlying principle of hybrid cars comprises of the usage of temporary power storage which later on enables the major engine to be functioned at the close to its supreme efficiency. There are two types of hybrid drive generated series hybrids and parallel hybrids. In ‘series hybrid’, the combustion engine sends the power to the electrical generator. Electrical generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy which is converted into DC by the inverter to be stored in the battery. Power from the battery can be inverted back to AC so that the electric motor converts it into motive power. In parallel hybrid the car wheels are either powered by engine or from the battery powered electric drive-train. Planetary gear system is used to transmit the power into axle. Electric motors and planetary gear system work as a Continuously Variable Transmission(CVT). In both the hybrids, whenever the engine ignites slowly, the excess energy is stored for the later usage. In this way, these cars provide less emission and improved fuel economy. Conventional Cars Vs Electric Vehicles A. Fuel Efficiency In a conventional car: . * 87. 4 % of fuel energy is wasted * Only 12. 6 % of fuel energy is transferred to the wheels * 5. 8 % is turned to kinetic energy, consumed in the brake * 17. 2 % idling losses, engine on with no torque How Hybrids save fuel? 1. Engine is turned off at: -Stops -Lower speed (say less that 15 km/h), an electric motor drives the car until speed reaches a certain limit, then engine kicks in -When vehicle is stopping or going downhill, engine is turned off, and regenerative braking is applied. 2. When engine operates in an inefficient mode(e. g. at very high or very low engine speeds), the electric motor kicks in and assists engine. Engine is driven to its optimum operating zone 3. Engine can be made smaller, due to electric motor assistance B. Emissions: 1. In combustion engine, emissions occur during driving 2. In E-cars, emission occurs only during electricity production. C. Operating Cost 1. In combustion cars, take petrol at Rs. 73/lt, and a car that achieves 25kms/lt. Energy cost is Rs3/km. 2. Now take electricity at Rs. 6/kW-h, and a car that consumes 125 W-h/km. Energy cost is Rs. 0. 75/km D. Efficiency ratio: 1 Combustion engine: 25-30 percent 2. Electric motor: close to 90 percent TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: The main problem with the electric car is battery. Such as:- Time of battery charging is long. -Batteries are heavy. -Batteries are expensive. -Low performance in hot or cold temperatures also may damage the battery -Very sensitive to overcharge/undercharge(Battery life reduces dramatically) -Contain toxic heavy metals, disposal issue. All these provide scope for the further research and development in the field of electric vehicles. The RD are supported by the government and industries. POSSIBLE FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES: Over population and limited energy resources have pushed the need and the demand of the electric vehicles. In the future, we will have hybrids and battery electric vehicles everywhere in the markets, industries and highways. Some of the possible future technologies in this field are: 1. A photovoltaics-carport (solar service station) which is considered as a charging station of electric cars for the future. 2. Battery recharging which will employ a special chemical process, occurring on all energy-storage particles at once; in contrast to the traditional batteries, where only a fraction of the energy storage can be replenished at once . 3. Electrical outlet and electric cable will not be required in future anymore, because the electric car of the future refuels its power fully automatically and without contacting by induction while driving or parking. CONCLUSION: Electric vehicles (EVs) hold the potential of transforming the way the world moves. EVs can increase energy security by diversifying the fuel mix and decreasing dependence on petroleum, while also reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Just as important, EVs can unlock innovation and create new advanced industries that spur job growth and enhance economic prosperity. However, the mass deployment of EVs will require transportation systems capable of integrating and fostering this new technology. To accelerate this transitition, cities and metropolitan regions around the world are creating EV-friendly ecosystems and building the foundation for widespread adoption.

Analysis for Teslas Expansion into Russia

Analysis for Teslas Expansion into Russia List of abbreviations: MEDCs More Economically Developed CountriesNIC Newly Industrialized Country RUB RublePPP* Public-Private Partnership GDP Gross Domestic Product PPP Purchasing Power ParityFDI Foreign Direct InvestmentOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentEV Electric VehicleWTO World Trade OrganizationIMF International Monetary FundBRICS emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Letter of Recomendation to the CEO To: Elon Musk CEO of Tesla, Inc Report on Russian Federation as a potential new market for Tesla, Inc. There is no doubt that eco-friendly vehicles will dominate a global car market in the future. Telsa already officially presented in most MEDC countries and now is a time to think about Transition economies (including NICs). The electric car market in Russia is still quite small but thanks to stabilising economy and sensible government policies there is a good potential to expand it. The ability to set up our dealership chain relatively quickly must be a consideration. Lack of charging facilities could be seen as a potential to insert and expand original Tesla Supercharger chain across the country and could lead to PPP* agreement between the government and business where Tesla could take part not only in the creation of those facilities but also in the further operations of it. As our research shows, Russia has a huge domestic market which has a potential to expand and get more wealthy, what means potentially a big client base. There are many state support programs such as: (First Car, Family Car, Private Business, and public city electric transport) with financing of 17.4bn RUB, subsidies given to Russian credit organisations for the reimbursement of a shortfall in income from credits granted by Russian credit organisations in 2015–2016 to individuals for the purchase of cars (7.0bn RUB) and other similar programs. (PwC, 2017) Conditions for investment right now are perfect if Tesla wants to have a dominant position in that market in upcoming years. However, its important to consider all the risks and to understand that factors such as movements in the exchange rate of the ruble, access to auto loans, interest rates, amount and effectiveness of government support and expansion of transport infrastructure will predetermine demand more than anything else. Introduction This report will advise CEO of Tesla Inc on whether to expand their official stores into the Russian market. Currently, Tesla has its official stores in 28 countries including most of a western Europe, UAE, China, Taiwan, Australia and other and some other   MEDC countries. (Tesla, 2017) The aim of this report is to understand and conclude how perspective Russian market can be for the expansion of Tesla. By using PEST, Porters 5 Forces model analysis and SWOT we were able to outline advantages and disadvantages of investing in the Russian market with a more in-depth analysis on the relevance of bargaining power of buyers, rivalry among existing companies, political and economic factors. PEST Analysis Russia is the biggest country in the world in terms of area (CIA, 2017a) and 9th in terms of population with over 142 million people living there. (CIA, 2017b) Despite all of its huge economic potential, in recent years Russia has suffered an economic recession due to sanctions which were implemented by the US government on March 6, 2014 after an annexation of Crimea by Russian military forces. (U.S. Department of state, 2017) However recently situation in Russian started to improve and now there is a positive trend in its economic growth which is expected to be at the level of 1.8% in 2019. (The World Bank, 2017) (P)olitical Factors: Russian was the largest country to emerge from collapsed Soviet Union in December 1991 (CIA, 2017c) and went through the 90s with two Chechen Wars from 11th of September 1994 to May of 2000 but even so, the active phase of the war was over there still was a high level of tension in the region and Russian counter-terrorism operation officially finished only in April 2009. (Al Jazeera media network, 2014) However, since then there were no major conflicts within a country and regions such a Chechnya seen much of an economic growth and government stability mainly due to massive cash injections from Russia’s federal government which were aimed at stabilizing   recently unstable territory. (Financial Times, 2015) The Russian Federation today stands as one of the most powerful and influential   states in the world and   and it keeps diplomatic relations with 191 countries and has 144 embassies around the world.(ICD academy for cultural diplomacy, 2014) Government type is known as Semi-presidential federation which is also called a managed democracy due to a high level of Government intervention. (CIA, 2017d) Corruption Perceptions Index research from 2016 suggests that there is still a very high level of corruption in Russia with the score of 29/100 what ranks it 131st out of 176 countries studied.(Transparency International, 2016) (E)conomic factors: Russia is 6th country in the world in terms of GDP and PPP which is an indicator of a strong economy and prospective market. (World Bank, 2017). Its economy mainly dependent on natural resources such as oil and gas as they make up a huge part of Russian federal budget revenue. For example, in 2016 this figure was equivalent to 36% which were made up of mineral extraction taxes and export customs duties on crude oil and gas. (The U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2017) There is a positive trend in Russian economy today after a couple of years of recession which was caused by western sanctions and drop of oil prices. (World Bank 2017) Inflation significantly went down from 15.5% in 2015 to 7.1% in 2016 and is projected to reach the target level of 4% in 2018 and monetary policy is fairly balanced with the current inflation rate. These improvements lead to a better economic environment in general which caused a positive chain effect in a banking sector and improved terms of trade. (World Bank, 2017) An illustrative example of improving Economic environment in Russia is the fact that in 2015 the number of FDI project grew by 61% in comparison with a previous two years. (Invest in Russia – Russian investment agency, 2016) (S)ocial factors: Russian society went through a huge transformation after a collapse of a Soviet regime and has turned from autocratic structure society to more democratic one. There are nearly 200 national ethnic groups represented in Russias 2010 census which makes it one of the most multicultural societies in the world. (Cia, 2017e) Income inequality remains one of the big problems in Russian society. Gini index of Russia in 2015 was   37.7 which is much better than 46.1 back in 1996, however it is still very high in comparison with most western MEDC countries. (The World Bank, 2017). Russian society has some strengths and weaknesses against OECD countries, however, in recent years there was a significant progress in bringing up a quality of live standards. The table below represents a comparison of average scores of OECDs and partner countries in some key social aspects. (T)echnological Factors: Russia is a country with a rich history of scientific and technological traditions. The 1990s crisis caused by the collapse of the Soviet regime led to the significant reduction of the government support for science and technology.   Many Russian scientists went to the United States or Europe in the so-called â€Å"brain-drain† migration. In the 2000s, on the wave of a new economic boom, the situation has started to improve, and the government launched a campaign which was aimed at innovation and modernisation. Current priorities for the Russias technological/scientific development include things such as energy efficiency, IT, nuclear energy and pharmaceuticals. (Sputnik, 2009) (Time, 2011) Also, due to western sanctions, Russia started to focus on replacement of foreign technologies and raw materials by domestic ones. This has worked as a push factor towards more develompment and reserch in some key sectors such as IT and energy. In September 2017 Russian President Vladimir Putin reminded of that strategy in meeting with Russian technology producers where he said that, in some spheres, state institutions could not work with companies running foreign software because that represented a risk for national cyber-security. (CNBC, 2017) Porters Five Forces Analysis Market defenition: Our analysis focuses on the new passenger cars market in Russia, particularly on electric/hybrid segment. Passenger cars are defined as vehicles with at least four wheels, used for the transportation of passengers from point A to point B, and consisting maximum of eight seats not including drivers seat. The Russian car market in 2016 decreased by 11% but it is expected to come back to moderate growth from the end of 2017 due to a positive trend in the Russian economy. (Automotive statistics ltd,  2017a) Competition in the industry:   The electric car market in Russia is relatively small in comparison with many MEDC countries, however, it is predicted to grow. There are 1,100 electric cars in Russia but most of them presented only by a few dominant models: Nissan Leaf 508 units, Mitsubishi i-MiEV 271 units and Tesla Model-S 181 units. (Automotive statistics ltd,  2017b) As we can see there is a high concentration ratio in the Electric car market in Russia as 89% of the cars are from top three firms in the market and Tesla already one of this three companies with a market share of 19% which is still quite a high number considering the fact that they dont have their official dealership in Russia yet. Potential of new entrants: The decree which allows standard petrol stations to operate charges for electric cars was signed in autumn 2015 and took force on November 1, 2016. Russian charging infrastructure is expanding. PJSC Russian Grids already operates 130 charging stations across Russia and by the end of December 2017 this number expected to rise up to 2017 and up to 1000 by the end of 2018.(Eurasia network, 2017) As there is a constant growth in a number of charging stations in Russia it could stimulate demand for electric cars and make them even more attractive therefore attract new entrants into the market. There are not many potential companies who could offer an electric car of a similar quality as Tesla right now, however, there are many hybrid options out there which are potential rivals and could easily enter the market as entry barriers are getting lower and lower with more Government incentives being introduced and new charging stations being built. Also, there are some big companies who are already looking into expanding into Russian market as well, such as Renault-Nissan coalition which is now the leader of the global EV market. (Eurasia network, 2017) (Bertel Schmitt, 2017)   Power of suppliers: In our report, we are looking for a potential expansion of Tesla dealership centres and not manufacturing sites. Therefore the power of suppliers is not important as cars and all needed materials for its maintenance will be imported by existing supply routes like in many other cases where Tesla operates. Power of customers: When considering an expansion into a Russian market, Tesla should have a clear understanding of what are the trends in consumer incomes, availability of car loans and perspectives of consumer confidence. Within nine months of 2017, there were 66 Telsa cars sold in Russia which represents a 92% rise in comparison to previous year. (Russian automotive news, 2017a)   Demand is likely to rise further and Teslas potential client base could increase enormously due to an amendment to the tax code which is discussed in State Duma right now. The idea proposed is to exempt transport tax for electric vehicles from 2018 onwards. (Russian automotive news, 2017b) Bargaining power of buyers would be low, as Tesla in Russia would be considered as high-end product particularly due to a low average income in Russia (37500RUB=650USD) comparing to most western countries. (Trading economics,  2017) Also, Tesla is one of the most advanced electro cars in the global market, therefore there are not many potential substitutions to it in that market segment what makes it quite a unique product and allows Telsa to have some power over its existing and potential client base in nearest future. Threat of substitutes: The main substitutes for electric cars, of course, would be considered standard petrol vehicles or a market of used cars. Especially used car segment seems to be the most promising one in upcoming years due to the average length of car ownership declining thanks to the recovery from the recent economic crisis. (Invest in Russia, 2017a) Some may consider public transport such as trains, buses, public bicycles or even planes as an alternative to electric/petrol cars. However Michael E. Porter‟s definition of a substitute is: â€Å"A substitute performs the same or a similar function as an industry‟s product by a different means†. (Porter, 2008)   Therefore we can say that most of those wont be considered as substitutes because they are unable to fulfil such key passenger car features such as representing social status, providing comfort, immediate availability, independence of destination choice and flexible route change, what makes their substituting force pretty low. Nevertheless, a used car segment is more or less capable of performing most of the functions listed above. SWOT Analysis To conclude PEST and Porter’s Five Forces research we will use a SWOT analysis: (Invest in Russia , 2017b) Content: Al jazeera media network.  2014.  Chechnya, Russia and 20 years of conflict.  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/12/chechnya-russia-20-years-conflict-2014121161310580523.html [10 November 2017]. Automotive statistics ltd.  2017a.  The Russian car market in 2016 decreased by 11%.  [Online].  Available from: https://eng.autostat.ru/news/view/13836/ [21 November 2017]. Automotive statistics ltd.  2017b .  The number of electric vehicles has exceeded 1000 units in Russia.  [Online].Available from: http://eng.autostat.ru/news/view/14483/  [21 November 2017]. Bertel schmitt.  2017.  Who Is The Worlds Leading EV Maker? Its Not Tesla.  01 MAY 2017.  Forbes.  [Online].  Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bertelschmitt/2017/05/01/who-is-the-worlds-leading-ev-marker-no-its-not-tesla/ [23 November 2017].   CIA. 2017a.  The World Factbook (geography). [ONLINE] Available from:  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2113.html#rs. [Accessed 9 November 2017]. CIA. 2017b.  The World Factbook (population). [ONLINE] Available from:  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html#rs. [Accessed 9 November 2017]. CIA.  2017c.  The World Bank in Russia (Background).  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2028.html#rs [10 November 2017]. CIA .  2017d.  The World Bank in Russia (Government Type).  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html#rs [10 November 2017]. CIA.  2017e.  The World Bank in Russia (Ethnic groups).  [Online].  Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#rs [11 November 2017]. CNBC. 2017.Putin tells Russias tech sector: Ditch foreign software or lose out [Online]. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/09/putin-tells-russias-tech-sector-ditch-foreign-software-or-lose-out.html [17 November 2017]. Eurasia network.  2017 .  7 things to know about electric cars in Russia.  [Online].  Available from: https://eurasianetwork.eu/2017/08/19/7-things-to-know-about-electric-cars-in-russia/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [21 November 2017].   Financial times.  2015.  Chechnya’s economic recovery tested by slowdown.  [Online].  Available from: https://www.ft.com/content/8233d33c-ecd0-11e4-a81a-00144feab7de [10 November 2017]. ICD academy for cultural diplomacy.  2014 .  Summit Overview.  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/index.php?cccs-20131-moscow [10 November 2017]. Invest in Russia .  2017a.  Overview of the Russian and CIS automotive industry.  [Online].  Available from: http://investinrussia.com/data/files/sectors/Overview-of-the-Russian-and-CIS.pdf [27 November 2017]. Invest in Russia .  2017b.  Key Facts.  [Online].  Available from: http://investinrussia.com/key-facts   [28 November 2017]. Invest In Russia – Russian investment agency.  2016.  EUROPEAN ATTRACTIVENESS SURVEY 2016 RUSSIA FINDINGS.  [Online].  .  Available from: https://www.investment-in-russia.com/uploads/European_attractiveness_survey_Eng.pdf [11 November 2017] Organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd).  2017.  How’s Life in the Russian Federation?.  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: https://www.oecd.org/statistics/Better-Life-Initiative-country-note-Russian-Federation.pdf [17 November 2017]. Porter M. (2008). The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. HarvardBusinessReview, January 2008, pp. 2-18. PwC.  2017.  In 2017, the extention of the traditional state support programmes and introduction of new more target-oriented measures is planned.  [Online].  Available from: https://www.pwc.ru/en/automotive/publications/assets/auto-report-eng.pdf  [28 November 2017]. Russian automotive news.  2017a.  Tesla electric cars sales have grown by 92% in Russia . [Online]. Available from: http://rusautonews.com/2017/10/31/tesla-electric-cars-sales-have-grown-by-92-in-russia/  [23 November 2017].   Russian automotive news.  2017b.  Russian government has proposed transport tax exemption for electric vehicles.  [Online]. Available from: http://rusautonews.com/2017/11/15/russian-government-has-proposed-transport-tax-exemption-for-electric-vehicles/  [23 November 2017].   Sputnik. 2009.  Medvedev outlines priorities for Russian economys modernization. [Online] Available from:  https://sputniknews.com/russia/20091011156428675/   [17 November 2017]. Tesla. 2017.  Find us. [ONLINE] Available from:  https://www.tesla.com/en_EU/findus/list. [Accessed 9 November 2017]. The U.S. Energy Information Administration.  2017.  Russia.  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=RUS&src=home-b2 [11 November 2017]. The World Bank.  2017.  Country Context.  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/overview#1 [11 November 2017]. The World bank.  2017.  GDP, PPP (current international $) .  [Online].  Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=RU   [11 November 2017]. The World Bank .  2017.  Poverty & Equity Data Portal (Russia).  [Online].  Available from: http://povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/RUS [11 November 2017]. The World Bank.  2017.  Recent Economic Developments.  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/overview#3 [11 November 2017]. The World Bank.  2017.  The World Bank in Russia (Overview).  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/overview#1   [10 November 2017]. Time. 2011.  Russia Looking to Reverse Brain Drain of Young Scientists. [Online].Available from:  http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2099861,00.html [17 November 2017]. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1816338 Russian version.  Ã‚   Trading economics.  2017.  Russia Average Monthly Wages.  [Online].  Available from: https://tradingeconomics.com/russia/wages  [23 November 2017]. Transparency international .  2016.  Russia.  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: https://www.transparency.org/country/RUS   [10 November 2017]. U.S. department of state .  2017.  Ukraine and Russia Sanctions.  [Online].  Ã‚  Available from: https://www.state.gov/e/eb/tfs/spi/ukrainerussia/ [Accessed 9 November 2017].

The Death Penalty Debate Essay -- Papers Capital Punishment Essays Pap

The Death Penalty Debate The issue of the death penalty is widely disputed. So disputed that maybe I shouldn’t have picked this topic. But nevertheless, the death penalty is an issue that needs to be addressed. Should the death penalty be abolished from our criminal justice system? Well, that depends on whom you ask. If you ask me†¦ no. I personally don’t see anything wrong with the death penalty because there are a lot of criminals that are just too dangerous to society and death is the only punishment they deserve. I know that it is in the eighth amendment that prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, and I can’t think of a greater punishment for a crime than death, but I believe that exceptions should be made. Despite U.S. Supreme Court rulings to the contrary, many death penalty opponents consider capital punishment in and of itself to be cruel and unusual. They believe the death penalty to be a barbarous practice that should be discarded. Specific methods of execution also frequently come under attack as violating the Eighth Amendment. Death penalty advocates counter that the framers of the Constitution took capital punishment for granted, and did not consider it cruel and unusual. Some proponents of the death penalty believe some methods of execution, such as lethal injection, are more humane than others. (http://ethics.acusd.edu/death_penalty.html) From 1930, the first year for which statistics are readily available from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, to 1967, 3,859 persons were executed. During this period, over half (54%) of those executed were black, 45 % were white, and the remaining 1% were members of other racial groups -- American Indians (19), Filipino (13), Chinese (8), and Japanese (2). The vast ... ...ht make all the violent offenders think twice before they commit the crime. Works Cited: Death Penalty Debate. (http://www.uaa.alaska.edu/just/ death/), Online, March 2000. -Gives information on the states that have reinstated capital punishment into their justice system and gives a list of the 12 states that still do not have the death penalty. Pollitt, Katha: The Nation, New York; Mar 6, 2000; Vol. 270, Iss. 9; pg. 10, 1 pgs, EBSCOhost March 2000 -Gives a detailed two sided argument on the death penalty and argues how it costs more to house an immate for life in prison. Punishment And The Death Penalty. (http://www.ethics. acused.edu/death_penalty.html), Online, March 2000. - Gives statistical facts on the history of the death penalty. Sullum, Jacob: Reason, Los Angeles; Mar 2000; Vol. 31, iss. 10, pg. 14, 1 pgs, EBSCOhost March 2000

Health and Fitness Magazines Negatively Impact Male Thinking :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Health and Fitness Magazines Negatively Impact Male Thinking Warning! Warning! Alarms go off inside your head. You’re at the mall walking around with one of your best buds looking at CDs, when all of a sudden you look up and see this drop dead gorgeous girl, whose looking at CDs in the next aisle. You grasp the CD case you were looking at firmly, and use the reflection quickly to make sure none of your pimples are ready to burst, and that your hair is fixed right. You glance down at you pants making sure they are set right on your shoes to make them look as cool as possible. Then you make sure that your shirt is straightened up. You take a breath and look up. She gives looks at you out of the corner of your eyes and you feel a skip in you chest. She looked at you! You automatically double checked with your eyes to make sure your zipper’s zipped and that she’s not laughing at you, but she’s really smiling at you. Wow, you think, she must really think I look cool! That was only a brief glimpse into the complicated life of a teenage boy. A boy who reads magazines, wants a car, plays video games, and watches a lot of TV. Every morning he wakes up and picks out his clothes sometimes taking them off and putting on others that match better. His ultimate goal is to look as good and cool as possible, like those guys in the Gap commercials on TV, with their perfect smiles and their arm always around that really hot girl. Why have we as males become more concerned about our looks and body? It seemed that only twenty years ago it was just the girls really worrying about their make up and nails. Even though we have not come so far as to put on make up and paint out nails weird colors to match our 300 dollar outfit to go to the mall, we have become more aware of looking cool and more attracting to the opposite sex. Yet it seems as if instead of looking to better out grades and get a good job to attract females we’ve started to look more and more at our looks then what we do and who we are.

Essay --

The novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee is a simplistic view of life in the Deep South of America in the 1930s. An innocent but humorous stance in the story is through the eyes of Scout and Jem Finch. Scout is a young adolescent who is growing up with the controversy that surrounds her fathers lawsuit. Her father, Atticus Finch is a lawyer who is defending a black man, Tom Robinson, with the charge of raping a white girl. The lives of the characters are changed by racism and this is the force that develops during the course of the narrative. As previously mentioned, the point of view in this narrative is from Scout. Her upbringing has been respectful to the African-Americans in her society and she shows this with her relationship with her maid, Calpurnia. Other children her age have adopted their parents' racially prejudice views, causing her of many problems. Atticus's lawsuit seems to isolate his children and Scout is taunted with remarks in the playground. Her only retort is violence and Atticus, as an virtuous father, does not condone this behaviour either: "My fist...

Online Student Profile Management System

ONLINE STUDENT PROFILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM by GREESHMA MALGIREDDY B. Tech. , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, 2007 A REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Computing and Information Sciences College of Engineering KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas. 2010. Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Daniel Andresen. AbstractAll the students who are enrolled in Computing and Information Sciences (CIS) major in Kansas State University are required to submit their Program of Study (POS) which they manually do by filling in all the necessary details and submit the form to the department. The main objective of this project is to develop an online submission of program of study. The online student profile management system is a web-based application that provides students of CIS major to submit their program of study in an easy and efficient manner.This application mainly allows the students to enter their personal info rmation (viz. , contact information, previous education) and to choose core as well as non-core courses of their choice. In addition the faculty of CIS department can also log on to the application and view the POS of the students by entering their wildcat ID. The primary focus is to get familiar with . NET framework and to code in C#. NET. This in turn uses MS SQL server 2005 as database for storing and retrieving of data. This project is implemented using C#.NET on Microsoft visual studio 2005. Table of contents List of Figures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ v List of Tables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ vi Acknowledgements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. vii CHAPTER 1-†¦ [continues]

Discuss the importance of Venice and its effects on the characters in “Othello” Essay

One can see that Venice is instrumental in insinuating the characteristics of its people. The sheer importance of the land becomes the pinnacle of pride in all Venetians. Knowing that â€Å"This is Venice†, augments imbedded ideology that accumulated the people’s stereotypical values and status. This produced a state where expectations proverbially created a discriminating separation between Venetians and outsiders. Those who were acknowledged from the proximity of the city were superior insiders and those who did not hail from Venice, were outsiders. This seemingly made it desirable for those classed as outsiders to want to become a classed and accepted citizen of Venice. However, it seems that the outsiders struggle to create a false sense of security when trying to become accepted, which inevitably leads to their demise. Naturally, where-ever one lives, one takes on the ideals of that particular community. Venetian etiquette was too far founded to be able to be mastered by some of the characters. On examining speech and mannerisms of different people, it becomes easy to determine those who belong and those who do not. Venice at that time was regarded as a city admired for its wealth, prosperity and providence. Venice was also filled with exoticism, prosperity, desire and acclaimed military. The military aspect helps to explain why characters such as Othello and Iago are present here. However, the city not only flurried with a military air and Venetian aristocracy, but due to Venice at that time being the foundation of Europe’s commercial venture, its cosmopolitan prospect attracted many people from different countries and races. Because of this, it seems that Venice was willing to accept people of different cultures, but the aristocracy would not admit those people to their inmost society. It is obvious that Othello is a social inferior, the Venetians only regarding him as a fighter that use to their advantage by leading their army. â€Å"Othello† was written at a time of obvious racism, which would have been passable in a refined city such as Venice. What accentuates Othello’s racial difference is the fact that his outward isolation is so blatantly obvious. He is black, whilst others are white. Throughout the play, characters use this as a simple, yet effective device to harass Othello, making him feel vulnerable, knowing that he is unable to change his appearance. This is also the ridiculous notion Venetians have for ignoring Othello and it is impractical for him because being a general in the army, he is always surrounded by Venetian aristocracy and authority, who ridicule him because of his skin colour. However, Othello’s demise is particularly his fault, he willed himself into a relationship with Venice, and the will he used was terribly limited in what he could achieve and still does not achieve his goal of becoming a demure Venetian. Through-out the play, it is seen that the people of Venice are irresolute towards Othello. Whilst his services to their army is their main intent for keeping him bound to their society, it is a reflection of an outsider being bound to some-one purposely being used to destroy other outsiders. Whilst he is used by the society for their means, they still discriminate him. Whilst at a point Brabantio is content in accepting Othello into his household, inconsiderately he allows Othello to believe that because of this humble acceptance that his stories of bravery allowed him to get to, it did not allow him to be accepted in the city outside Brabantio’s house. As Louis Auchincloss suggested Othello is not regarded by Brabantio and others, but as a Victorian Englishman might have regarded some splendid Maharajah. Othello’s stories, like his ‘seditious’ self, entertained the people, as if his services to them were limited to fighting and amusement, ultimately labelling him as a lower class social inferior that was only ‘accepted’ to be used how and whenever the higher classes wanted. However, those stories captured the love of Desdemona, leaving Brabantio feeling betrayed when she elopes with the moor. He classed their relationship solely on Othello’s exoticism and racial differences, believing that their love was â€Å"unnatural as a black man.† However, Othello’s marriage to Desdemona provides him with a link with Venice and provides a means to abolish some of the perceptions others have of him. However, this link can only last if Desdemona remains alive, otherwise the link will be broken. Whilst their marriage exists and assumes that Othello can be classed as an insider, it evolves into Desdemona moving further away from her roots as an insider, getting pushed away to becoming an outsider. When Brabantio accused Othello of witchcraft and enchanting his daughter, the seemingly biased trial saves Desdemona from being emitted from society, as if her marriage to Othello destroyed Venice’s image and betrayed their importance. This scene, held in Venice declares the trials importance and authority and foretells of future demise. When Brabantio declares that â€Å"She has deceived her father, and may thee† Othello’s services are urgently required for war in Cyprus, the land of Venus. However the love of Venus is not a love of chastity or faithfulness, and so foreshadows that the living link that allows Othello to be partially accepted will be broken. When travelling to Cyprus, it is obvious by Shakespeare’s use of weather conditions that the boat trip unlocks the safeness and innate standards of the Venetians. The dangerous and violent natural boundaries that are the seas prove that nowhere other than where people originate from is a safe haven, which deviously proves that everyone will become an outsider at some point. It also foreshadows ultimate racial differences and problems that Othello will have to face. The weather and island also reflects Iago, and offers the perfect time for Iago’s plan to bear effectiveness. The island, where violence and war are bordered, shows that Iago’s character is malevolent and scheming and that he himself is also an outsider. It is as if the weather and island are his motivation and inner self, some-one who does not fit within the Venetian society because of his mystery. His character is one of paradox, befriending Othello, whilst plotting his downfall. He clearly fools the Venetian society that he is an insider and because of this portrayal shows that he himself was once desperate to conform. He also fools Othello and indeed himself, ultimately demonstrating that he is truly an outsider, when he lowers himself to deceive another outsider. The name Iago, is itself Spanish, and was probably a tool to imply great irony, as it makes the audience think of the shrine St Iago di Compostella, and it is hard to believe how a person of particular menace could hail from such a civil and religious place and not be fully accepted by the Venetian society, because we know that he is only deceiving them. At that time, Venice was famous for its pleasures and deceitful seductions of its courtesans, who can be classed as outsiders, as they have no status in the high class city and its low sexual tolerance. Iago, only too aware of this, acts upon the indistinguishable prostitutes who were able to dress like high class women and states that Othello is trusting and full of faithfulness. Iago tells Othello how Venetian men play love with different rules and that â€Å"In Venice the do let God see the pranks they dare not show their husbands.† This cunning statement raises Othello’s suspicions as he begins to believe that Desdemona who is a Venetian could be any different from the women on the street and the cities sexual licence adding to his doubts. Othello’s doubts only leave him to look down upon Desdemona with a discriminating air and hatred, as if she really were a prostitute. Because of the way Othello depicts Desdemona after Iago’s meddling, he ultimately sees Desdemona as an outsider, her reputation tainted by Venice’s sexual tolerance and the idea that prostitutes are of lower class. Also, whilst in Cyprus, the island itself taints Othello’s perception; he believes that her love begins to become impure. Iago and Brabantio are able to alienate both Desdemona and Othello, turning his exoticism into alien like qualities, but there is also another outsider; Cassio. Cassio being a Florentine ultimately proves that he is an outsider, and due to harassment from Iago and the nature of Cyprus takes over the refuge of gracious Venice and in his drunken state makes him out to be an abrasive, angry and violent man, some-one whose characteristics were completely different to the acts of civilised and proud Venetians. It is very apparent that geography and indeed Venice solely plays an important part in the tragic play. The two different settings, having been deliberately chosen by Shakespeare convey failings in both characters and society. Cyprus is not only used as a juxtaposition of love, but it is also used by Iago for his deviances and the demise of most people as they all become outsiders when the haven of their city and aspects of everything Venetian men stand for is taken away from them. Venice encompasses varied ideals and is used solely as a mirror to differentiate those who were considered to be insiders and those who were not. Venice’s strong and promiscuousness is reflected in all events through out the play in different ways. The insiders are bound by it’s synonymous etiquette and this can not be acquired by characters such as Othello, but can be manipulated by Iago. In conclusion, I believe that geography plays an important role in the play, the settings capable of emitting emotions and intimidating the consequences of being classed as outsiders and the trials and tribulations caused by being a ‘nonconformist’.